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Casual Articles - Financial Definitions; L thru Q
How to Write Ads that Work Online rise 3 points, each share has risen $3. In the case of bonds a point means $10, since a bond is quoted as a percentage of $1,000. A bond that rises 3 points gains 3 percent in $1,000, or $30 in value. An advance from 87 to 90 would mean an advance in dollar value from $870 to $900. In the case of market averages, the word point means merely that and no more. If, for example, the NYSE Composite Index rises from 90.25 to 91.25, it has risen a point. A point in this index, however, is not equivalent to $1.If you are writing ads for posting online, there are many factors to consider. What type of site are you posting on - classified, FFA, email mail out? Will the viewer only see the ad headline first, or the whole ad? Who is your audience? Are you trying to make a sale, or get a lead from your ad? Can you hyperlink to your website in the ad?First and foremost, create a good headline! The headline is the first thing people usually see, and what will make them look further. If it's an email ad you're sending out, then the subject line must be attention grabbing. You are competing with other people's email, and you want yours to be opened. One of the best things you can do is check out other people's ad headlines and see which ones grab your attention. What makes you open an email from someone you don't know? Do a search on Google or Yahoo in your subject area, and look at the paid ads to the right. Which ones grab your attention?Ad content. Describe how your offer can benefit someone. Don't try to sell your product too much in your ad, create enough interest to get people to visit your website. Your site should do the selling, you just want people to get there. If your site offers a free ebook or download, mention it in the ad. Tell people how they can benefit from visiting your site!If you are posting to FFA sites or free email safelists, remember to set up a 'dummy' email account just for these postings. These sites will send you hundreds of confirmation emails, and you don't want them going to your real email account because it will just cost you time emptying your mailbox continually. Set up a free email account just for this. Remember to delete the emails once in a while to prevent your mailbox from being full and bouncing emails, as this might get your membership cancelled for email safelists.Although I believe free advertising has it's benefits, from my experience it's good Portfolio - Holdings of securities by an individual or institution. A portfolio may contain bonds, preferred stocks, common stocks and other securities. Preferred Stock - A class of stock with a claim on the company's earnings before payment may be made on the common stock and usually entitled to priority over common stock if the company liquidates. Usually entitled to dividends at a specified rate - when declared by the Board of Directors and before payment of a dividend on the common stock - depending upon the terms of the issue. Premium - The amount by which a bond or preferred stock may sell above its par value. For options, the price that the buyer pays the writer for an option contract ("option premium" is synonymous with "the price of an option"). May refer, also, to redemption price of a bond or preferred stock if it is higher than face value. Price-Earnings Ratio - A popular way to compare stocks selling at various price levels. The PE ratio is the price of a share of stock divided by earnings per share for a twelve-month period. For example, a stock selling for $50 a share and earning $5 a share is said to be selling at a price-earnings ratio of 10. Primary Distribution - Also called primary or public offering. The original sale of a company’s securities. Prime Rate - The lowest interest rate charged by commercial banks to their most credit-worthy customers; other interest rates, such as personal, automobile, commercial and financing loans are often pegged to the prime. Principal - The person for whom a broker executes an order, or dealers buying or selling for their own accounts. The term "principal" may also refer to a person's capital or to the face amount of a bond. Profit-Taking - Selling stock which has appreciated in value since purchase, in order to realize the profit. The term is often used to explain a downturn in the market following a period of rising prices. Prospectus - The official selling circular that must be given to purchasers of new securities registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. It highlights the much longer Registration Statement file with the Commission. Proxy - Written authorization given by a shareholder to someone else to represent him or her and vote his or her shares at a shareholders' meeting. Redirect Your URL Using META Tag The ever increasing number of investment products and financial services in the marketplace today can be confusing. We have put together this glossary of financial definitions designed to help you understand some of the more common investment and financial terms you may encounter. Your financial advisor can explain these terms more completely and discuss with you those which are relevant to your situation.There are many occasions when you wish to display your URL in the form yourdomain/display.html but would like, instead, to direct visitors to another URL, say some-other-domain/best-mouse-trap.html.For example, you are promoting an affiliate program with URL your-merchant-URL/sales-page/your-affiliate-code, and you think that the URL is too long, or you want to hide the fact that it is an affiliate link, or you want to prevent people from stealing your affiliate commission, you could use this technique. You could even check how many people have clicked on your affiliate link, by checking the number of clicks of the displayed URL before it is redirected, from your Web site log.Here is another example. You are using a tracking software, or a tracking company, to track your advertisement. Usually, the tracking URL will be of the form your-tracking-URL/.../tracking-?blah-blah or tracking-company-URL/.../tracking-?blah-blah. You want to use your own domain name or you do not want others know that you are tracking the ad. You could use the URL your-URL/your-sales-description which redirects visitors to the tracking URL.Knowledge of technique of redirecting URL will give you a lot of, among other benefits, flexibility. Here is how to do it with META tag...Create the page, "display.html," with the following META tag between the HEAD and /HEAD tags in the HTML codes...META http-equiv = "refresh" content = "0; URL = some-other-URL/best-mouse-trap.html" without any other content (if you wish, you could include the title "World's Best Mouse Trap" between the TITLE and /TITLE tags, to show that this page is about mouse trap).Upload the page "display.html" to the root directory of your Web site. With that, when visitors click on the link your-URL/display.html, they will be redirected to some-other-URL/best-mouse-trap.html.Please note that for the URL some-other-URL/best- Legal List - A list of investments selected by various states in which certain institutions and fiduciaries, such as insurance companies and banks, may invest. Legal lists are often restricted to high quality securities meeting certain specifications. Leverage - The effect on a company when the company has bonds, preferred stock, or both outstanding. Example: If the earnings of a company with 1,000,000 common shares increases from $1,000,000 to $1,500,000 - earnings per share would go up from $1 to $1.50, or an increase of 50 percent. But if earnings of a company that had to pay $500,000 in bond interest increased that much - earnings per common share would jump from 50 cents to $1 a share, or 100 percent. Liabilities - All the claims against a corporation. Liabilities include accounts, wages, and salaries payable; dividends declared payable; accrued taxes payable; fixed or long-term liabilities, such as mortgage bonds, debentures and bank loans. Limit, Limited Order, or Limited Price Order - An order to buy or sell a stated amount of a security at a specified price, or at a better price, if obtainable after the order is represented in the trading crowd. Liquidation - The process of converting securities or other property into cash. The dissolution of a company, with cash remaining after sale of its assets and payment of all indebtedness being distributed to the shareholders. Liquidity - The ability of the market in a particular security to absorb a reasonable amount of buying or selling at reasonable price changes. Liquidity is one of the most important characteristics of a good market. Listed Stock - The stock of a company that is traded on a securities exchange. Load - The portion of the offering price of shares of open-end investment companies in excess of the value of the underlying assets. Covers sales commissions and all other costs of distribution. The load is usually incurred only on purchase, there being, in most cases, no charge when the shares are sold (redeemed). Locked In - Investors are said to be locked in when they have profit on a security they own but do not sell because their profit would immediately become subject to the capital gains tax. Long - Signifies ownership of securities. "I am long 100 U.S. Steel" means the speaker owns 100 shares. Manipulation - An illegal operation. Buying or selling a security for the purpose of creating false or misleading appearance of active trading or for the purpose of raising or depressing the price to induce purchase or sale by others. Margin - The amount paid by the customer when using a broker's credit to buy or sell a security. Under Federal Reserve regulations, the initial margin requirement since 1945 has ranged from the current rate of 50 percent of the purchase price up to 100 percent. Margin Call - A demand upon a customer to put up money or securities with the broker. The call is made when a purchase is made; also if a customer's account declines below a minimum standard set by the Exchange or by the firm. Market Order - An order to buy or sell a stated amount of a security at the most advantageous price obtainable after the order is represented in the trading crowd. Market Price - The last reported price at which the stock or bond sold, or the current quote. Maturity - The date on which a loan or bond comes due and is to be paid off. Member Corporation - A securities brokerage firm, organized as a corporation, with at least one member of the New York Stock Exchange who is an officer or employee of the corporation. Member Firm - A securities brokerage firm organized as a partnership and having at least one general partner or employee who is a member of the New York Stock Exchange. Member Organization - The term includes New York Stock Exchange member Firms and Member Corporations. Merger - Combination of two or more corporations. Money Market Fund - A mutual fund whose investments are in high-yield money market instruments such as federal securities, CDs and commercial paper. Its intent is to make such instruments, normally purchased in large denominations by institutions, available indirectly to individuals. Mortgage Bond - A bond secured by a mortgage on a property. The value of the property may or may not equal the value of the bonds issued against it. Municipal Bond - A bond issued by a state or a political subdivision, such as county, city, town or village. The term also designates bonds issued by state agencies and authorities. In general, interest paid on municipal bonds is exempt from federal income taxes and state and local taxes within the state of issue. Naked Option - An option position that is not offset by an equal and opposite position in the underlying security. NASD - The National Association of Securities Dealers, an association of brokers and dealers in the over-the-counter securities business. NASDAQ - An automated information network that provides brokers and dealers with price quotations on securities traded over-the-counter. NASDAQ is an acronym for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. Negotiable - Refers to a security, title to which is transferable by delivery. Net Asset Value - Usually used in connection with investment companies to mean net asset value per share. An investment company computes its assets daily, or even twice daily, by totaling the market value of all securities owned. All liabilities are deducted, and the balance divided by the number of share outstanding. The resulting figure is the net asset value per share. Net Change - The change in the price of a security from the closing price on one day to the closing price on the next day on which the stock is traded. The net change is ordinarily the last figure in the newspaper stock price list. The mark +1 1/8 means up $1.125 a share from the last sale on the previous day the stock traded. New Issue - A stock or bond sold by a corporation for the first time. Proceeds may be used to retire outstanding securities of the company, for new plant or equipment, for additional working capital, or to acquire a public ownership interest in the company for private owners. New York Futures Exchange (NYFE) - A subsidiary of the New York Stock Exchange devoted to the trading of futures products. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) - The largest organized securities market in the United States, founded in 1792. The Exchange itself does not buy, sell, own, or set the prices of securities traded there. The prices are determined by public supply and demand. The Exchange is a not-for-profit corporation of 1,366 individual members, governed by a Board of Directors consisting of 10 public representatives, 10 Exchange members or allied members and a full-time chairman, executive vice chairman and president. Non-cumulative - A type of preferred stock on which unpaid dividends do not accrue. Omitted dividends are, as a rule, gone forever. NYSE Composite Index - The composite index covering price movements of all common stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange. It is based on the close of the market December 31, 1965 as 50.00 and is weighted according to the number of shares listed for each issue. The index is computed continuously and printed on the ticker tape. Point changes in the index are converted to dollars and cents so as to provide a meaningful measure of changes in the average price of listed stocks. The composite index is supplemented by separate indexes for four industry groups: industrial, transportation, utility and finance. Odd Lot - An amount of stock less than the established 100-share unit. Off-Board - This term may refer to transactions over-the-counter in unlisted securities or to a transaction of listed shares that is not executed on a national securities exchange. Offer - The price at which a person is ready to sell. Opposed to bid, the price at which one is ready to buy. Open Interest - In options and futures trading, the number of outstanding option contracts, at a given point in time, which have not been exercised and have not yet reached expiration. Option - A right to buy (call) or sell (put) a fixed amount of a given stock at a specified price within a limited period of time. The purchaser hopes that the stock's price will go up (a call) or down (a put) by an amount sufficient to provide a profit when the option is sold. If the stock price holds steady or moves in the opposite direction, the price paid for the option is lost entirely. There are several other types of options available to the public but these are basically combinations of puts and calls. Individuals may write (sell) as well as purchase options. Options are also traded on stock indexes, futures, and debt instruments. Overbought - An opinion as to price levels. May refer to a security that has had a sharp rise or to the market as a whole after a period of vigorous buying which, it may be argued, has left prices "too high." Oversold - The reverse of overbought. A single security or a market which, it is believed, has declined to an unreasonable level. Over-The-Counter - A market for securities made up of securities dealers who may or may not be members of a securities exchange. The over-the-counter market is conducted over the telephone and deals mainly with stocks of companies without sufficient shares, stockholders, or earnings to warrant listing on an exchange. Over-the-counter dealers may act either as principals or as brokers for customers. The over-the-counter market is the principal market for bonds of all types. Paper Profit (Loss) - An unrealized profit or loss on a security still held. Paper profits and losses become realized only when the security is sold. Par - In the case of a common share, par means a dollar amount assigned to the share by the company's charter. Par value may also be used to compute the dollar amount of common shares on the balance sheet. Par value has little relationship to the market value of common stock. Many companies issue no-par stock but give a stated per share value on the balance sheet. In the case of preferred stocks it signifies the dollar value upon which dividends are figured. With bonds, par value is the face amount, usually $1,000. Participating Preferred - A preferred stock, that is entitled to its stated dividend and, also, to additional dividends on a specified basis upon payment of dividends on the common stock. Passed Dividend - Omission of a regular or scheduled dividend. Penny Stocks - Low-priced issues, often highly speculative, selling at less than $1 a share. Frequently used as a term of disparagement, although some penny stocks have developed into investment caliber issues. Point - In the case of shares of stock, a point means $1. If ABC shares rise 3 points, each share has risen $3. In the case of bonds a point means $10, since a bond is quoted as a percentage of $1,000. A bond that rises 3 points gains 3 percent in $1,000, or $30 in value. An advance from 87 to 90 would mean an advance in dollar value from $870 to $900. In the case of market averages, the word point means merely that and no more. If, for example, the NYSE Composite Index rises from 90.25 to 91.25, it has risen a point. A point in this index, however, is not equivalent to $1. Portfolio - Holdings of securities by an individual or institution. A portfolio may contain bonds, preferred stocks, common stocks and other securities. Preferred Stock - A class of stock with a claim on the company's earnings before payment may be made on the common stock and usually entitled to priority over common stock if the company liquidates. Usually entitled to dividends at a specified rate - when declared by the Board of Directors and before payment of a dividend on the common stock - depending upon the terms of the issue. Premium - The amount by which a bond or preferred stock may sell above its par value. For options, the price that the buyer pays the writer for an option contract ("option premium" is synonymous with "the price of an option"). May refer, also, to redemption price of a bond or preferred stock if it is higher than face value. Price-Earnings Ratio - A popular way to compare stocks selling at various price levels. The PE ratio is the price of a share of stock divided by earnings per share for a twelve-month period. For example, a stock selling for $50 a share and earning $5 a share is said to be selling at a price-earnings ratio of 10. Primary Distribution - Also called primary or public offering. The original sale of a company’s securities. Prime Rate - The lowest interest rate charged by commercial banks to their most credit-worthy customers; other interest rates, such as personal, automobile, commercial and financing loans are often pegged to the prime. Principal - The person for whom a broker executes an order, or dealers buying or selling for their own accounts. The term "principal" may also refer to a person's capital or to the face amount of a bond. Profit-Taking - Selling stock which has appreciated in value since purchase, in order to realize the profit. The term is often used to explain a downturn in the market following a period of rising prices. Prospectus - The official selling circular that must be given to purchasers of new securities registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. It highlights the much longer Registration Statement file with the Commission. Proxy - Written authorization given by a shareholder to someone else to represent him or her and vote his or her shares at a shareholders' meeting. Get The Maximum From Your Squeeze PagesGetting subscribers is definitely not finding sand in the Sahara. They can sometimes be as scarce as chicken teeth although there are as many as the sand in the Sahara.So what are you doing to get your bucket full of sand?There are millions of people surfing the net every day, all of the 24 hours of it. All you want is a little traffic to your site and to make some sales. Maybe, like many others you are promoting affiliate products and the sales are just dripping in.If you are not using squeeze pages to get email addresses this will be the first and last time you will hear anything from the visitor you sent to the affiliate page.So you decide to use squeeze pages in an effort to get more subscribers on your list. Every now and again you might see a new subscriber but it just won’t catch that momentum that you have heard so many others achieve.You fall back in your chair thinking, “Is this how it will always be or might there be a silver lining at the top of the cloud.” Well there is a huge silver lining at the top of the cloud and if people are visiting your site, coming from PPC or generic traffic, and they were interested in what they found there is no reason why they should not subscribe if you ask them to.Remember we get bucketfuls of junk mail every day which end up in the deleted items faster than they had arrived.What would make your visitor believe you are any different?Answer these questions:Are you any different?How do you stand out?Is your squeeze page merely just a catch area or does it actually solve a problem the visitor might have?Remember, solving the problem also means that he would need to buy a product to do so, which of course is the product you are promoting.A real good review on how a product solves a specific problem, especially if you use it yourself, and a good and clear explanation of how i Margin - The amount paid by the customer when using a broker's credit to buy or sell a security. Under Federal Reserve regulations, the initial margin requirement since 1945 has ranged from the current rate of 50 percent of the purchase price up to 100 percent. Margin Call - A demand upon a customer to put up money or securities with the broker. The call is made when a purchase is made; also if a customer's account declines below a minimum standard set by the Exchange or by the firm. Market Order - An order to buy or sell a stated amount of a security at the most advantageous price obtainable after the order is represented in the trading crowd. Market Price - The last reported price at which the stock or bond sold, or the current quote. Maturity - The date on which a loan or bond comes due and is to be paid off. Member Corporation - A securities brokerage firm, organized as a corporation, with at least one member of the New York Stock Exchange who is an officer or employee of the corporation. Member Firm - A securities brokerage firm organized as a partnership and having at least one general partner or employee who is a member of the New York Stock Exchange. Member Organization - The term includes New York Stock Exchange member Firms and Member Corporations. Merger - Combination of two or more corporations. Money Market Fund - A mutual fund whose investments are in high-yield money market instruments such as federal securities, CDs and commercial paper. Its intent is to make such instruments, normally purchased in large denominations by institutions, available indirectly to individuals. Mortgage Bond - A bond secured by a mortgage on a property. The value of the property may or may not equal the value of the bonds issued against it. Municipal Bond - A bond issued by a state or a political subdivision, such as county, city, town or village. The term also designates bonds issued by state agencies and authorities. In general, interest paid on municipal bonds is exempt from federal income taxes and state and local taxes within the state of issue. Naked Option - An option position that is not offset by an equal and opposite position in the underlying security. NASD - The National Association of Securities Dealers, an association of brokers and dealers in the over-the-counter securities business. NASDAQ - An automated information network that provides brokers and dealers with price quotations on securities traded over-the-counter. NASDAQ is an acronym for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. Negotiable - Refers to a security, title to which is transferable by delivery. Net Asset Value - Usually used in connection with investment companies to mean net asset value per share. An investment company computes its assets daily, or even twice daily, by totaling the market value of all securities owned. All liabilities are deducted, and the balance divided by the number of share outstanding. The resulting figure is the net asset value per share. Net Change - The change in the price of a security from the closing price on one day to the closing price on the next day on which the stock is traded. The net change is ordinarily the last figure in the newspaper stock price list. The mark +1 1/8 means up $1.125 a share from the last sale on the previous day the stock traded. New Issue - A stock or bond sold by a corporation for the first time. Proceeds may be used to retire outstanding securities of the company, for new plant or equipment, for additional working capital, or to acquire a public ownership interest in the company for private owners. New York Futures Exchange (NYFE) - A subsidiary of the New York Stock Exchange devoted to the trading of futures products. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) - The largest organized securities market in the United States, founded in 1792. The Exchange itself does not buy, sell, own, or set the prices of securities traded there. The prices are determined by public supply and demand. The Exchange is a not-for-profit corporation of 1,366 individual members, governed by a Board of Directors consisting of 10 public representatives, 10 Exchange members or allied members and a full-time chairman, executive vice chairman and president. Non-cumulative - A type of preferred stock on which unpaid dividends do not accrue. Omitted dividends are, as a rule, gone forever. NYSE Composite Index - The composite index covering price movements of all common stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange. It is based on the close of the market December 31, 1965 as 50.00 and is weighted according to the number of shares listed for each issue. The index is computed continuously and printed on the ticker tape. Point changes in the index are converted to dollars and cents so as to provide a meaningful measure of changes in the average price of listed stocks. The composite index is supplemented by separate indexes for four industry groups: industrial, transportation, utility and finance. Odd Lot - An amount of stock less than the established 100-share unit. Off-Board - This term may refer to transactions over-the-counter in unlisted securities or to a transaction of listed shares that is not executed on a national securities exchange. Offer - The price at which a person is ready to sell. Opposed to bid, the price at which one is ready to buy. Open Interest - In options and futures trading, the number of outstanding option contracts, at a given point in time, which have not been exercised and have not yet reached expiration. Option - A right to buy (call) or sell (put) a fixed amount of a given stock at a specified price within a limited period of time. The purchaser hopes that the stock's price will go up (a call) or down (a put) by an amount sufficient to provide a profit when the option is sold. If the stock price holds steady or moves in the opposite direction, the price paid for the option is lost entirely. There are several other types of options available to the public but these are basically combinations of puts and calls. Individuals may write (sell) as well as purchase options. Options are also traded on stock indexes, futures, and debt instruments. Overbought - An opinion as to price levels. May refer to a security that has had a sharp rise or to the market as a whole after a period of vigorous buying which, it may be argued, has left prices "too high." Oversold - The reverse of overbought. A single security or a market which, it is believed, has declined to an unreasonable level. Over-The-Counter - A market for securities made up of securities dealers who may or may not be members of a securities exchange. The over-the-counter market is conducted over the telephone and deals mainly with stocks of companies without sufficient shares, stockholders, or earnings to warrant listing on an exchange. Over-the-counter dealers may act either as principals or as brokers for customers. The over-the-counter market is the principal market for bonds of all types. Paper Profit (Loss) - An unrealized profit or loss on a security still held. Paper profits and losses become realized only when the security is sold. Par - In the case of a common share, par means a dollar amount assigned to the share by the company's charter. Par value may also be used to compute the dollar amount of common shares on the balance sheet. Par value has little relationship to the market value of common stock. Many companies issue no-par stock but give a stated per share value on the balance sheet. In the case of preferred stocks it signifies the dollar value upon which dividends are figured. With bonds, par value is the face amount, usually $1,000. Participating Preferred - A preferred stock, that is entitled to its stated dividend and, also, to additional dividends on a specified basis upon payment of dividends on the common stock. Passed Dividend - Omission of a regular or scheduled dividend. Penny Stocks - Low-priced issues, often highly speculative, selling at less than $1 a share. Frequently used as a term of disparagement, although some penny stocks have developed into investment caliber issues. Point - In the case of shares of stock, a point means $1. If ABC shares rise 3 points, each share has risen $3. In the case of bonds a point means $10, since a bond is quoted as a percentage of $1,000. A bond that rises 3 points gains 3 percent in $1,000, or $30 in value. An advance from 87 to 90 would mean an advance in dollar value from $870 to $900. In the case of market averages, the word point means merely that and no more. If, for example, the NYSE Composite Index rises from 90.25 to 91.25, it has risen a point. A point in this index, however, is not equivalent to $1. Portfolio - Holdings of securities by an individual or institution. A portfolio may contain bonds, preferred stocks, common stocks and other securities. Preferred Stock - A class of stock with a claim on the company's earnings before payment may be made on the common stock and usually entitled to priority over common stock if the company liquidates. Usually entitled to dividends at a specified rate - when declared by the Board of Directors and before payment of a dividend on the common stock - depending upon the terms of the issue. Premium - The amount by which a bond or preferred stock may sell above its par value. For options, the price that the buyer pays the writer for an option contract ("option premium" is synonymous with "the price of an option"). May refer, also, to redemption price of a bond or preferred stock if it is higher than face value. Price-Earnings Ratio - A popular way to compare stocks selling at various price levels. The PE ratio is the price of a share of stock divided by earnings per share for a twelve-month period. For example, a stock selling for $50 a share and earning $5 a share is said to be selling at a price-earnings ratio of 10. Primary Distribution - Also called primary or public offering. The original sale of a company’s securities. Prime Rate - The lowest interest rate charged by commercial banks to their most credit-worthy customers; other interest rates, such as personal, automobile, commercial and financing loans are often pegged to the prime. Principal - The person for whom a broker executes an order, or dealers buying or selling for their own accounts. The term "principal" may also refer to a person's capital or to the face amount of a bond. Profit-Taking - Selling stock which has appreciated in value since purchase, in order to realize the profit. The term is often used to explain a downturn in the market following a period of rising prices. Prospectus - The official selling circular that must be given to purchasers of new securities registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. It highlights the much longer Registration Statement file with the Commission. Proxy - Written authorization given by a shareholder to someone else to represent him or her and vote his or her shares at a shareholders' meeting. Does Clever Marketing Really Work? ansferable by delivery.Do clever, memorable marketing campaigns increase sales? It’s an important question for you to answer in a time when every marketing dollar has to get results. Del Taco, a fast food chain specializing in Mexican dishes, had to grapple with this question recently. They announced that their commercials would no longer feature the character Dan. Dan was a Del Taco manager whose ideas for promoting the product usually ended up in disaster.Recently Del Taco announced that they were changing their advertising focus. Instead of featuring Dan’s antics, Del Taco said their new campaign would focus on the great taste of their food.Dan’s commercials were popular. They were funny. They were, in a word, clever. But were they effective? That’s tough to answer. Del Taco executives said that his character contributed to the brand. Did the Dan commercials increase sales? No one can say. What Del Taco does know is that it’s time for them to focus more attention on their food.Clever advertising can be effective in building brand awareness. Clearly, people connected with the Dan character. But is that enough to get people to buy a product? Those of us with limited marketing budgets need to have a different goal than mere brand awareness. We must make sure our advertising does two things: connect with the consumer, and drive them to purchase our products.How do we accomplish these 2 goals? Keep these truths in mind as you develop your next marketing plan.1. There is one thing that is true of everyone in your target audience: they all have problems. If you can figure out the problems that plague your audience, you will make an instant connection. For example, a Del Taco radio commercial might target hungry men driving home from work. An effective opening line may say something like, “Worked hard? Hungry? Can’t wait ‘til you get home? Del Taco’s half-pound combo burrit Net Asset Value - Usually used in connection with investment companies to mean net asset value per share. An investment company computes its assets daily, or even twice daily, by totaling the market value of all securities owned. All liabilities are deducted, and the balance divided by the number of share outstanding. The resulting figure is the net asset value per share. Net Change - The change in the price of a security from the closing price on one day to the closing price on the next day on which the stock is traded. The net change is ordinarily the last figure in the newspaper stock price list. The mark +1 1/8 means up $1.125 a share from the last sale on the previous day the stock traded. New Issue - A stock or bond sold by a corporation for the first time. Proceeds may be used to retire outstanding securities of the company, for new plant or equipment, for additional working capital, or to acquire a public ownership interest in the company for private owners. New York Futures Exchange (NYFE) - A subsidiary of the New York Stock Exchange devoted to the trading of futures products. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) - The largest organized securities market in the United States, founded in 1792. The Exchange itself does not buy, sell, own, or set the prices of securities traded there. The prices are determined by public supply and demand. The Exchange is a not-for-profit corporation of 1,366 individual members, governed by a Board of Directors consisting of 10 public representatives, 10 Exchange members or allied members and a full-time chairman, executive vice chairman and president. Non-cumulative - A type of preferred stock on which unpaid dividends do not accrue. Omitted dividends are, as a rule, gone forever. NYSE Composite Index - The composite index covering price movements of all common stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange. It is based on the close of the market December 31, 1965 as 50.00 and is weighted according to the number of shares listed for each issue. The index is computed continuously and printed on the ticker tape. Point changes in the index are converted to dollars and cents so as to provide a meaningful measure of changes in the average price of listed stocks. The composite index is supplemented by separate indexes for four industry groups: industrial, transportation, utility and finance. Odd Lot - An amount of stock less than the established 100-share unit. Off-Board - This term may refer to transactions over-the-counter in unlisted securities or to a transaction of listed shares that is not executed on a national securities exchange. Offer - The price at which a person is ready to sell. Opposed to bid, the price at which one is ready to buy. Open Interest - In options and futures trading, the number of outstanding option contracts, at a given point in time, which have not been exercised and have not yet reached expiration. Option - A right to buy (call) or sell (put) a fixed amount of a given stock at a specified price within a limited period of time. The purchaser hopes that the stock's price will go up (a call) or down (a put) by an amount sufficient to provide a profit when the option is sold. If the stock price holds steady or moves in the opposite direction, the price paid for the option is lost entirely. There are several other types of options available to the public but these are basically combinations of puts and calls. Individuals may write (sell) as well as purchase options. Options are also traded on stock indexes, futures, and debt instruments. Overbought - An opinion as to price levels. May refer to a security that has had a sharp rise or to the market as a whole after a period of vigorous buying which, it may be argued, has left prices "too high." Oversold - The reverse of overbought. A single security or a market which, it is believed, has declined to an unreasonable level. Over-The-Counter - A market for securities made up of securities dealers who may or may not be members of a securities exchange. The over-the-counter market is conducted over the telephone and deals mainly with stocks of companies without sufficient shares, stockholders, or earnings to warrant listing on an exchange. Over-the-counter dealers may act either as principals or as brokers for customers. The over-the-counter market is the principal market for bonds of all types. Paper Profit (Loss) - An unrealized profit or loss on a security still held. Paper profits and losses become realized only when the security is sold. Par - In the case of a common share, par means a dollar amount assigned to the share by the company's charter. Par value may also be used to compute the dollar amount of common shares on the balance sheet. Par value has little relationship to the market value of common stock. Many companies issue no-par stock but give a stated per share value on the balance sheet. In the case of preferred stocks it signifies the dollar value upon which dividends are figured. With bonds, par value is the face amount, usually $1,000. Participating Preferred - A preferred stock, that is entitled to its stated dividend and, also, to additional dividends on a specified basis upon payment of dividends on the common stock. Passed Dividend - Omission of a regular or scheduled dividend. Penny Stocks - Low-priced issues, often highly speculative, selling at less than $1 a share. Frequently used as a term of disparagement, although some penny stocks have developed into investment caliber issues. Point - In the case of shares of stock, a point means $1. If ABC shares rise 3 points, each share has risen $3. In the case of bonds a point means $10, since a bond is quoted as a percentage of $1,000. A bond that rises 3 points gains 3 percent in $1,000, or $30 in value. An advance from 87 to 90 would mean an advance in dollar value from $870 to $900. In the case of market averages, the word point means merely that and no more. If, for example, the NYSE Composite Index rises from 90.25 to 91.25, it has risen a point. A point in this index, however, is not equivalent to $1. Portfolio - Holdings of securities by an individual or institution. A portfolio may contain bonds, preferred stocks, common stocks and other securities. Preferred Stock - A class of stock with a claim on the company's earnings before payment may be made on the common stock and usually entitled to priority over common stock if the company liquidates. Usually entitled to dividends at a specified rate - when declared by the Board of Directors and before payment of a dividend on the common stock - depending upon the terms of the issue. Premium - The amount by which a bond or preferred stock may sell above its par value. For options, the price that the buyer pays the writer for an option contract ("option premium" is synonymous with "the price of an option"). May refer, also, to redemption price of a bond or preferred stock if it is higher than face value. Price-Earnings Ratio - A popular way to compare stocks selling at various price levels. The PE ratio is the price of a share of stock divided by earnings per share for a twelve-month period. For example, a stock selling for $50 a share and earning $5 a share is said to be selling at a price-earnings ratio of 10. Primary Distribution - Also called primary or public offering. The original sale of a company’s securities. Prime Rate - The lowest interest rate charged by commercial banks to their most credit-worthy customers; other interest rates, such as personal, automobile, commercial and financing loans are often pegged to the prime. Principal - The person for whom a broker executes an order, or dealers buying or selling for their own accounts. The term "principal" may also refer to a person's capital or to the face amount of a bond. Profit-Taking - Selling stock which has appreciated in value since purchase, in order to realize the profit. The term is often used to explain a downturn in the market following a period of rising prices. Prospectus - The official selling circular that must be given to purchasers of new securities registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. It highlights the much longer Registration Statement file with the Commission. Proxy - Written authorization given by a shareholder to someone else to represent him or her and vote his or her shares at a shareholders' meeting. Call for Innovation: Do or Die Situation for Indian Organizations number of outstanding option contracts, at a given point in time, which have not been exercised and have not yet reached expiration.Since the last 3 years India has been the most happening market for all industries in Europe and USA. Outsourcing all production work to India was the most common solution to reduce production cost. Due to this money started to flow in India and international organizations realized the potential. Last 2 years showed major economic explosion. This affected Indian organizations in many ways.Indian organizations got benefited due to economic explosion. People had enough money to buy goods and services which were of a better quality and design. Since many foreign companies were serving goods and services of high quality and design, Indian organization had to match them to survive in the competition. They were forced to pay attention to design, quality and service. These companies eventually hired a lot of designers. Many new design schools opened in India in the last two years to cater to this growing need of industries.Things changed so fast that there remained a fundamental flaw which is now back firing. Organizations hired designers but failed to use their creative potential to the fullest. These organizations were not ready for the fundamental changes which enable designers explore and show their creative talent. Indian organizations are infested with hierarchy, rigid policy, strict rules, uneven power distribution and frightful environment which are major contributions to kill creative ideas and motivation to work. This is making designers quit jobs frequently.1) Research suggests sustained innovation and creativity demands a specific kind of• Organization policy• Organization structure• Organization processes and• Organizational environmentFor any Indian organization these changes are radical change in the way it governs or makes business. These changes are perceived as threat to the current success, progress and optimized processes for economical Option - A right to buy (call) or sell (put) a fixed amount of a given stock at a specified price within a limited period of time. The purchaser hopes that the stock's price will go up (a call) or down (a put) by an amount sufficient to provide a profit when the option is sold. If the stock price holds steady or moves in the opposite direction, the price paid for the option is lost entirely. There are several other types of options available to the public but these are basically combinations of puts and calls. Individuals may write (sell) as well as purchase options. Options are also traded on stock indexes, futures, and debt instruments. Overbought - An opinion as to price levels. May refer to a security that has had a sharp rise or to the market as a whole after a period of vigorous buying which, it may be argued, has left prices "too high." Oversold - The reverse of overbought. A single security or a market which, it is believed, has declined to an unreasonable level. Over-The-Counter - A market for securities made up of securities dealers who may or may not be members of a securities exchange. The over-the-counter market is conducted over the telephone and deals mainly with stocks of companies without sufficient shares, stockholders, or earnings to warrant listing on an exchange. Over-the-counter dealers may act either as principals or as brokers for customers. The over-the-counter market is the principal market for bonds of all types. Paper Profit (Loss) - An unrealized profit or loss on a security still held. Paper profits and losses become realized only when the security is sold. Par - In the case of a common share, par means a dollar amount assigned to the share by the company's charter. Par value may also be used to compute the dollar amount of common shares on the balance sheet. Par value has little relationship to the market value of common stock. Many companies issue no-par stock but give a stated per share value on the balance sheet. In the case of preferred stocks it signifies the dollar value upon which dividends are figured. With bonds, par value is the face amount, usually $1,000. Participating Preferred - A preferred stock, that is entitled to its stated dividend and, also, to additional dividends on a specified basis upon payment of dividends on the common stock. Passed Dividend - Omission of a regular or scheduled dividend. Penny Stocks - Low-priced issues, often highly speculative, selling at less than $1 a share. Frequently used as a term of disparagement, although some penny stocks have developed into investment caliber issues. Point - In the case of shares of stock, a point means $1. If ABC shares rise 3 points, each share has risen $3. In the case of bonds a point means $10, since a bond is quoted as a percentage of $1,000. A bond that rises 3 points gains 3 percent in $1,000, or $30 in value. An advance from 87 to 90 would mean an advance in dollar value from $870 to $900. In the case of market averages, the word point means merely that and no more. If, for example, the NYSE Composite Index rises from 90.25 to 91.25, it has risen a point. A point in this index, however, is not equivalent to $1. Portfolio - Holdings of securities by an individual or institution. A portfolio may contain bonds, preferred stocks, common stocks and other securities. Preferred Stock - A class of stock with a claim on the company's earnings before payment may be made on the common stock and usually entitled to priority over common stock if the company liquidates. Usually entitled to dividends at a specified rate - when declared by the Board of Directors and before payment of a dividend on the common stock - depending upon the terms of the issue. Premium - The amount by which a bond or preferred stock may sell above its par value. For options, the price that the buyer pays the writer for an option contract ("option premium" is synonymous with "the price of an option"). May refer, also, to redemption price of a bond or preferred stock if it is higher than face value. Price-Earnings Ratio - A popular way to compare stocks selling at various price levels. The PE ratio is the price of a share of stock divided by earnings per share for a twelve-month period. For example, a stock selling for $50 a share and earning $5 a share is said to be selling at a price-earnings ratio of 10. Primary Distribution - Also called primary or public offering. The original sale of a company’s securities. Prime Rate - The lowest interest rate charged by commercial banks to their most credit-worthy customers; other interest rates, such as personal, automobile, commercial and financing loans are often pegged to the prime. Principal - The person for whom a broker executes an order, or dealers buying or selling for their own accounts. The term "principal" may also refer to a person's capital or to the face amount of a bond. Profit-Taking - Selling stock which has appreciated in value since purchase, in order to realize the profit. The term is often used to explain a downturn in the market following a period of rising prices. Prospectus - The official selling circular that must be given to purchasers of new securities registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. It highlights the much longer Registration Statement file with the Commission. Proxy - Written authorization given by a shareholder to someone else to represent him or her and vote his or her shares at a shareholders' meeting. Chamber Of Commerce Meetings rise 3 points, each share has risen $3. In the case of bonds a point means $10, since a bond is quoted as a percentage of $1,000. A bond that rises 3 points gains 3 percent in $1,000, or $30 in value. An advance from 87 to 90 would mean an advance in dollar value from $870 to $900. In the case of market averages, the word point means merely that and no more. If, for example, the NYSE Composite Index rises from 90.25 to 91.25, it has risen a point. A point in this index, however, is not equivalent to $1.If you run a small business you should be a member of the local chamber of commerce. Most cities which 50,000 people in them have 5000 small businesses. Yet these same cities only have 500-1000 people in their chambers of commerce. There are many reasons for this. Some say it is a huge expense, which is somewhat short sided because you will get a good return on your chamber membership business thru additional steady and loyal customers. Others negative comments might be, they never do anything for me. This to is an incorrect perspective in that you only get out what you put in or as JFK said, Ask not what your country can do for you. If you are a member of the chamber of commerce then you have an advantage over the 80 to 90 percent of the businesses who are not. If you participate you have another 80% advantage over other members who do not participate.It is important to attend chamber of commerce meetings. Since most of the people at these meetings will already know you, they will typically engage you in conversation and this will prevent you from meeting new people. You should be careful to mingle and go out of your way to meet new people at mixers. It really helps to have more than one uniformed employee at a chamber of commerce meeting or mixer.Another great idea is for you to go in and offer free certificates to your business. You can offer to do this for your fellow business person who cannot attend and ask them to do this for you on the meetings you have scheduling conflicts with. If you cannot make a meeting you can arrange to reciprocate at a later meeting. This works killer. It makes both of you look great and it permeates teamwork. It is what separates you from the competition. What competition? Huh, they are not even members of the local chamber of commerce. Think about it. Portfolio - Holdings of securities by an individual or institution. A portfolio may contain bonds, preferred stocks, common stocks and other securities. Preferred Stock - A class of stock with a claim on the company's earnings before payment may be made on the common stock and usually entitled to priority over common stock if the company liquidates. Usually entitled to dividends at a specified rate - when declared by the Board of Directors and before payment of a dividend on the common stock - depending upon the terms of the issue. Premium - The amount by which a bond or preferred stock may sell above its par value. For options, the price that the buyer pays the writer for an option contract ("option premium" is synonymous with "the price of an option"). May refer, also, to redemption price of a bond or preferred stock if it is higher than face value. Price-Earnings Ratio - A popular way to compare stocks selling at various price levels. The PE ratio is the price of a share of stock divided by earnings per share for a twelve-month period. For example, a stock selling for $50 a share and earning $5 a share is said to be selling at a price-earnings ratio of 10. Primary Distribution - Also called primary or public offering. The original sale of a company’s securities. Prime Rate - The lowest interest rate charged by commercial banks to their most credit-worthy customers; other interest rates, such as personal, automobile, commercial and financing loans are often pegged to the prime. Principal - The person for whom a broker executes an order, or dealers buying or selling for their own accounts. The term "principal" may also refer to a person's capital or to the face amount of a bond. Profit-Taking - Selling stock which has appreciated in value since purchase, in order to realize the profit. The term is often used to explain a downturn in the market following a period of rising prices. Prospectus - The official selling circular that must be given to purchasers of new securities registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. It highlights the much longer Registration Statement file with the Commission. Proxy - Written authorization given by a shareholder to someone else to represent him or her and vote his or her shares at a shareholders' meeting. Proxy Statement - Information given to stockholders in conjunction with the solicitation of proxies. Prudent Man Rule - An investment standard. In some states, the law requires that a fiduciary, such as a trustee, may invest the fund's money only in a list of securities designated by the state - the so-called legal list. In other states, the trustee may invest in a security if it is one that would be bought by a prudent person of discretion and intelligence, who is seeking a reasonable income and preservation of capital. Quote - The highest bid to buy and the lowest offer to sell a security in a given market at a given time. If you ask your broker for a "quote" on a stock, he or she may come back with something like "45 1/4 to 45 1/2." This means that $45.25 is the highest prices any buyer wanted to pay at the time the quote was given on the floor of the Exchange and that $45.50 was the lowest price that any seller would take at the same time. A complete listing of financial definitions can be found by visiting http://www.slave2work.com/articles/financialdefinitions.html
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