Casual Articles - Self Improvement

Is Business Process Outsourcing Right For You?
Businesses typically use the services of Business Process Outsourcing companies to fulfill non-urgent routine activities such as human resources management, document and data management, customer relationship management. This is how they can save time for the really essential needs of their companies. Business Process Outsourcing services are offered by small and large companies, as well as such well-known giants as Xerox, IBM and Hewlett-Packard. The most preferable by Americans countries to outsource are in the east, for example, China, India, Russia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.The number of Business Process Outsourcing companies is growing largely every day, and it is estimated that in the near future , the European market can also open up to Business Process Outsourcing centers. Taking into consideration all this, one may think, that Business Process Outsourcing is an absolute necessity for every firm which wants to gain profits and stay on top. Not really, Business Process Outsourcing will not suit every company, and the executive who makes the decision about whether to outsource or not, should ask himself certain questions and should try to remember some simple facts about outsourcing.First of all, en executive should have a clear idea of why the company needs to outsource. Depending on the main goal of outsourcing, you will be evaluating your results. Say, if a company wants to decrease the costs, then it should eventually evaluate the costs, and not something else. Secondly, it is necessary to choose the right Business Process Outsourcing provider. While evaluating, find out if they have the necessary technology and enough expertise to expedite your business. Thirdly, the company has to be fully prepared for delegating several functions to the outsourcer, and have at least an approximate plan of the transition process. The productivity of the outsourcer usually increases after working with you for a certain time. People in your company should not forget that they delegated a part of their tasks to the Business Process Outsourcing firm and concentrate on their new or changed roles instead of focusing on the old tasks. Next, the contract should certainly be written and signed; it should envisage the possible problems in the course of cooperation and explain how the conflict is to be solved in case of unsuccessful partnership. The contract should also describe the quality and level of services to be provided by a Business Process Outsourcing firm.

exists between cannabis abuse and/ or other substance abuse and behavioral addictions.

Poor Prognosis

We have come to realize today more than any other time in history that the treatment of Cannabis Dependence and other lifestyle diseases and behavioral addictions related to gambling, food, sex, and/ or religion, (etc.) are often a difficult and frustrating task for all concerned. Repeated failures abound with all of the addictions, even with utilizing the most effective treatment strategies. But why do 47% of patients treated in private addiction treatment programs (for example) relapse within the first year following treatment (Gorski, T., 2001)? Have addiction specialists become conditioned to accept failure as the norm? There are many reasons for this poor prognosis. Some would proclaim that addictions are psychosomatically- induced and maintained in a semi-balanced force field of driving and restraining multidimensional forces. Others would say that failures are due simply to a lack of self-motivation or will power. Most would agree that lifestyle behavioral addictions are serious health risks that deserve our attention, but could it possibly be that patients with multiple addictions are being under diagnosed (with a single dependence) simply due to a lack of diagnostic tools and resources that are incapable of resolving the complexity of assessing and treating a patient with multiple addictions?

Diagnostic Delineation

Thus far, the DSM-IV-TR has not delineated a diagnosis for the complexity of multiple behavioral and substance addictions. It has reserved the Poly-substance Dependence diagnosis for a person who is repeatedly using at least three groups of substances during the same 12-month period, but the criteria for this diagnosis do not involve any behavioral addiction symptoms. In the Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition’s section (DSM-IV-TR, 2000); maladaptive health behaviors (e.g., unsafe sexual practices, excessive alcohol, drug use, and over eating, etc.) may be listed on Axis I, only if they are significantly affecting the course of treatment of a medical or mental condition.

Since successful treatment outcomes are dependent on thorough assessments, accurate diagnoses, and comprehensive individualized treatment planning, it is no wonder that repeated rehabilitation failures and low success rates are the norm instead of the exception in the addictions field, when the latest DSM-IV-TR does not even include a diagnosis for multiple addictive behavioral disorders. Treatment clinics need to have a treatment planning system and referral network that is equipped to thoroughly assess multiple addictive and mental health disorders and related treatment needs and comprehensively provide education/ awareness, prevention strategy groups, and/ or specific addictions treatment services for individuals diagnosed with multiple addictions. Written treatment goals and objectives should be specified for each separate addiction and dimension of an individuals’ l

Everything You Need to Know about Work Permits
Basically, a work permit is a document which authorizes a person to seek employment and hold down a job. This is not needed in every instance, especially for local employment, but if the employee is not a citizen of the country where he or she plans to work, then a work permit is required.'Local and Foreign Work Permits'Here are the two basic types of working permits needed by an employee before formally attending the first day at work:1. Teen Employment Working PermitsIn most states in the US, working students are allowed to take a day job or a part time job while studying without the need to obtain a working permit. Working students are a common scenario because of the high costs of education these days.There are, however, exceptions to the rule. The states of Illinois, Indiana and New York would require a minor employee who has a part time job to obtain a work permit, and meet the condition that the student must maintain satisfactory grades in high school.This will ensure that the student will still be able to devote time to studying rather than trying to earn money without finishing college.2. Working Permits AbroadMost non-US citizens who would like to earn a living in the United States need to obtain a US working permit. The same applies to US citizens who want to work outside of the country. They need to obtain a working permit for the country where they wish to travel and work at the same time.As compared to local working permits, a working permit for out-of-the-country employment is much more difficult to obtain.Whether you choose to work in Europe, Australia, Canada or a country in Asia, you need to take into consideration the visa and work permit requirements and restrictions for that particular country.If you have decided that you want to work and eventually retire in the country of your choice, here are some tips that you can follow:- Make sure that the country that you choose to work in interests you.Choosing to work in a foreign country may prove to be a challenge and fun at the same time. You should be prepared to learn about the local people, their culture, learn the language and adapt to their style of living.- Check with the country's embassy to gather more information about restrictions, health care and work permit requirements that you need to obtain if you want to work in a foreign country.Make sure that all your paperwork is in order, including your passport, a visa, and the contracts that you need signed by the employer in the country of your choice.Finally, before packing your bags and embarking on a work-abroad journey, make sure that you are fairly adaptable and you have the necessary work permits and other important documents to have a hassle-free instead of a worrisome time working in a country outside of the US.

Fact or Fiction

1. Marijuana is a very harmful, highly addictive, dangerous, illegal, gateway drug that currently has no accepted or proven medical use.

Or is it true that:

2. Marijuana is a safe, harmless, non-addictive, healthy drug that has healing qualities that should be promoted for our youth to partake for its mind developing effects and legalized as America’s top cash crop.

Most would agree that both of the above statements are not absolutely true. However, if you have read most of the current published articles on the internet discussing the use of marijuana (where the majority of our youth get their information these days), the authors intended bias although not always explicit will point you in one of the two above directions – either pro-marijuana use or anti-marijuana use. Unfortunately, most of these sometimes well-crafted articles have little scientific evidence to validate their claims. We tend to expect this sort of thing from non-professional zealots and fanatical enthusiasts who have a deep passion to promote their cause, but it is very disappointing when we get information that directly contradicts scientific evidence from our paid government officials.

For example, the Food and Drug Administration announced in April, 2006 that “no sound scientific studies” supported the medical use of marijuana, contradicting a 1999 review by a panel of highly regarded scientists from the Institute of Medicine, a part of the National Academy of Sciences, the nation’s most prestigious scientific advisory agency. That review found marijuana to be “moderately well suited for particular conditions, such as chemotherapy – induced nausea and vomiting and AIDS wasting.” This would not be so surprising if the FDA had made this policy change based on new scientific research data, but it made no mention of any new analysis or investigation activity.

National Confusion

To add to this confusion, eleven states have legalized the medical use of marijuana, but a Supreme Court decision last year allowed the federal government to arrest anyone using marijuana, even for medicinal purposes and even in states that have legalized its use. The U.S. government has approved – “Marinol,” a synthetic pill version of a marijuana component to treat anorexia associated with AIDS and the nausea and vomiting associated with cancer drug therapy and GW Pharmaceutical, a British company, has received F.D.A. approval to test a sprayed extract of marijuana in humans called Sativex. This drug is approved for sale in Canada. Is it any wonder then why our young people seem to be so confused about the positive and negative effects of marijuana when our own government officials are undecided, ambivalent, and constantly changing State and national policies based on political pressure instead of scientific evidence.

Simple minds seek simple solutions for complex problems because they cannot understand or don’t believe that others are capable of understanding the complexity of comprehensive solutions. For example, the earth is a system made up of subsystems (atmosphere - air, lithosphere - land, hydrosphere - water, & biosphere – life). Each subsystem directly affects and is affected directly by the other subsystems. Yet most of the earth’s 6 billion people are unaware or indifferent to the fact that their daily behaviors may be causing a global warming effect that may some day destroy the earth. We humans are a system comprised of many subsystems and the little things we do and consume each day have a drastic effect on our present mental, emotional, and physical health, and our future quality and length of life.

Adolescent Brain Development

The human brain is also a system of subsystems and there is now overwhelming evidence that the development of the human brain continues well into adolescence – up to age 20. We know that the brain is vulnerable to toxic substances that can cause cognitive dysfunctions in adults. There is substantial literature on the consequences of acute and chronic marijuana exposure in adults, including measures of cognitive and behavioral effects, as well as some measures of alterations in brain function, primarily in the domains of learning and memory. There have been relatively few studies, however, of the effects of exposure to marijuana during development, when those areas that are known to be affected in adults are being sculpted by intrinsic and environmental influences (e.g., exposure to other drugs, stress, interactions with peers, parenting, neighborhood factors, and other social variables).

Some have reported that a delay in adolescent brain development is common when alcohol and or other drug usage including marijuana - begins at a young age. “Some frequent users feel a lack of initiative and concern about the future, find it hard to become or stay motivated, and think things will take care of them selves,” (Wapner, Roger, 1995). As a result, the normal maturation process is interrupted. Development of coping skills, a code of ethics, acceptance of responsibility, and other signs of maturity frequently cease or regress. A frequent user’s emotional development may be delayed when he starts using, and may take much longer to develop once the user has become clean and sober for an extended period of time. Drug misuse usually leads to denial. “Denial is one of the hallmarks of chemical dependency. Frequent users not only deny that their drug use is a problem; they may begin using denial to pretend other problems do not exist either. Forgotten birthdays, missed social engagements, and unmet commitments are all ‘no big deal’.” (Wapner, Roger, 1995)

Jonathon Shedler and Jack Block (University of California, Berkeley) have done extensive studies of teenagers, which included abstainers, occasional users, and frequent users. “Frequent users are described (by family and peers) as not dependable or responsible, not productive or able to get things done, guileful and deceitful, opportunistic, unpredictable and changeable in attitudes and behavior, unable to delay gratification, rebellious and nonconforming, prone to push and stretch limits, self-indulgent, not ethically consistent, not having high aspirations, and prone to express hostile feelings directly.” (Shedler and Block, 1990)

Marijuana Effects

The specific effects of marijuana, however, vary greatly, depending on the quality and dosage of the drug, the personality and mood of the user, the user’s past experiences with the drug, the social setting, and the user’s expectations. Considerable consensus exists however among regular users that when marijuana is smoked and inhaled, a state of slight intoxication results. This state is one of mild euphoria distinguished by increased feelings of well-being, heightened perceptual acuity, and pleasant relaxation, often accompanied by a sensation of drifting or floating away. Sensory inputs are intensified. Often a person’s sense of time is stretched or distorted, so that an event that lasts only a few seconds may seem to cover a much longer span. Short-term memory may also be affected, as one notices that a bite has been taken out of a sandwich but does not remember having taken it. For most users, pleasurable experiences, including sexual intercourse, are reportedly enhanced. When smoked, marijuana is rapidly absorbed and its effects appear within seconds to minutes but seldom last more than 2 to 3 hours (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2004).

Marijuana may lead to unpleasant as well as pleasant experiences. For example, if a person uses the drug while in an unhappy, angry, suspicious, or frightened mood, these feelings may be magnified. With higher dosages and with certain unstable or susceptible individuals, marijuana can produce extreme euphoria, hilarity, and over talkativeness, but it can also produce intense anxiety and depression as well as delusions, hallucinations, and other psychotic-like experiences. Evidence suggests a strong relationship between daily marijuana use and the occurrence of self-reported psychotic symptoms (Tien & Anthony, 1990).

Marijuana’s short-range physiological effects include a moderate increase in heart rate, a slowing of reaction time, a slight contraction of pupil size, bloodshot and itchy eyes, a dry mouth, and increased appetite. Furthermore, marijuana induces memory dysfunction and a slowing of information processing (Poe, Gruber, et al., 2001). Continued use of high dosages over time tends to produce lethargy and passivity. In such cases marijuana appears to have a hallucinogenic effect. The effects of long-term and habitual marijuana use are still under investigation, although a number of possible adverse side effects have been related to the prolonged, heavy use of marijuana. For example, marijuana tends to diminish self-control. One study exploring past substance use history in incarcerated murderers reported that among men who committed murder, marijuana was the most commonly used drug. One-third indicated that they used the drug before the homicide, and two-thirds were experiencing some effects of the drug at the time of the murder (Spunt et al., 1994).

Marijuana does not lead to extreme physiological dependence, as heroin does. It can, however, lead to psychological dependence, in which the person experiences a strong need for the drug whenever he or she feels anxious or tense. In fact, recent research has reported that many marijuana use abstainers reported having withdrawal-like symptoms such as nervousness, tension, sleep problems, and appetite change (Budney, Hughes, et al., 2001; Kouri and Pope, 2000). One recent study of substance abusers reported that marijuana users were more ambivalent and less confident about stopping use than were cocaine abusers (Budney, Radonovich, et al., 1998).

Self – Diagnosis

1. Does your periodic marijuana use and intoxication interfere with your performance at work or school?

2. Is your periodic marijuana use and intoxication physically hazardous in situations such as driving a car?

3. Do you or have you had legal problems as a consequence of arrests for marijuana possession?

4. Do you or have you had arguments with spouses or parents over the possession of marijuana in the home or its use in the presence of children?

If you answered “Yes” to any one of the above – you may meet criteria for a diagnosis of Cannabis Abuse and I would recommend that you undergo an alcohol/ substance abuse evaluation by a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (CSAC) and comply with all treatment recommendations.

If you are having psychological or physical problems associated with compulsively using marijuana, such as:

1. Craving;
2. Withdrawal symptoms;
3. Irritability;
4. Sleeplessness; and/ or
5. Anxiety

- when trying to quit, then a diagnosis of Cannabis Dependence should be considered rather than Cannabis Abuse. Likewise, I would recommend that you undergo an alcohol/ substance abuse evaluation by a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (CSAC) and comply with all treatment recommendations.

Multiple Addictions

In 2001, marijuana was a contributing factor in more than 110,000 emergency department visits in the United States. In a survey of drug-related visits to the emergency room (DAWN Report, 2001), 16 percent of drug-related visits were for marijuana abuse. Many of these emergency room visits, as one might suspect, involved the use of other substances along with marijuana. If you had trouble answering “Yes” to one of the above self-diagnosis questions, because you have used alcohol and/ or other drugs along with marijuana and you cannot contribute your problems to marijuana alone, then you may meet the criteria for – Poly-substance Dependence and or “Poly-behavioral Addiction,” – see below. Since it is impossible to expect treatment for one addiction to be beneficial when other addictions co-exist, the initial therapeutic intervention for any addiction needs to include an assessment for other addictions. National surveys revealed that very high correlation exists between cannabis abuse and/ or other substance abuse and behavioral addictions.

Poor Prognosis

Diagnostic Delineation

The Secret
Is your life in turmoil? Are you unhappy? Do you feel that all opportunities to fulfill your hopes and your dreams have passed you by? Do you often feel frustrated, angry or despair at your current situation? Maybe things aren't that bad, but things aren't that good either. If this sounds like you read on:Okay so, what if I tell you that you can change your life by simply changing the way you think? Would you be surprised or otherwise put out by that statement. Would you adopt the attitude of "This total stranger has the effrontery to tell me that my current situation is my own fault?" Well, I'm here to tell you exactly that! As it turns out, we are all victims of our own thoughts, opinions and biases. We are in fact attracting to us, the same negative energy that we release around us. This is often referred to as the Law of Attraction. The guiding principle of the Law of Attraction is that "Like things, attract like things." I've also heard it said that things that "...vibrate at similar frequencies attract one another..." Still, it is an undeniable truth that is proven many times over each and every day, but we choose to ignore it. We are all caught up in the minutia of our lives that we don't take the time to see what is in front of our own eyes and occurring around us. It is a sad fact but true.Consider this example for one moment: Let's say that you wake up one morning wearing your grumpy pants because you were up late the night before and didn't get enough sleep or whatever other excuse you would like to tell yourself. You walk into the kitchen at home and find the milk carton sitting on the counter. You take a look around the kitchen and there sitting quietly at the kitchen table is your spouse and/or child, happily eating their favorite cereal. As far as you are concerned, this is just the cherry on the topping: your spouse is always leaving the top off the tooth paste and your child is always leaving clothes scattered throughout the house. How many times have you told them to put the milk away so that it doesn't spoil? Is it really that difficult? You direct a few well chosen words at them, just to let them know how you're feeling. Now maybe your spouse becomes resentful or your child stops listening altogether. Whatever events transpire next, they won't be positive.While the above example is somewhat contrived, the truth is that whatever energy you release, comes right back at you - good or bad. For instance, think back to some happy, joyous moment in your life and then begin to dissect why you treasure that moment. Determine what events brought you to that moment in time. I'm betting that eventually, you will arrive at the conclusion that you played a large role in making that moment so special, either through your actions or feelings. Maybe you were feeling in a particularly good mood that day or were thinking very positively about life. Now, go back and think about all of the thin

olutions. For example, the earth is a system made up of subsystems (atmosphere - air, lithosphere - land, hydrosphere - water, & biosphere – life). Each subsystem directly affects and is affected directly by the other subsystems. Yet most of the earth’s 6 billion people are unaware or indifferent to the fact that their daily behaviors may be causing a global warming effect that may some day destroy the earth. We humans are a system comprised of many subsystems and the little things we do and consume each day have a drastic effect on our present mental, emotional, and physical health, and our future quality and length of life.

Adolescent Brain Development

Marijuana Effects

Self – Diagnosis

1. Does your periodic marijuana use and intoxication interfere with your performance at work or school?

2. Is your periodic marijuana use and intoxication physically hazardous in situations such as driving a car?

3. Do you or have you had legal problems as a consequence of arrests for marijuana possession?

4. Do you or have you had arguments with spouses or parents over the possession of marijuana in the home or its use in the presence of children?

If you are having psychological or physical problems associated with compulsively using marijuana, such as:

1. Craving;
2. Withdrawal symptoms;
3. Irritability;
4. Sleeplessness; and/ or
5. Anxiety

Multiple Addictions

Poor Prognosis

Diagnostic Delineation

Finding A Debt-Free Heaven - In 2007
With the holiday shopping season behind us, we now turn our attention to a brand new year. A new year always brings us hope and inspiration. We resolve to improve many aspects of our lives. Be it better health, better relationships, or better finances, we begin the new year with great intentions. This is a chance to put the past behind us and look ahead to the future. Too often however, these resolutions are unfulfilled.As for our resolution to improve our financial situation, this one is often blindsided when our credit card statements are opened. It is then we are hit by the cold reality of our expenditures from the previous year … or years. Improvements in 2007 cannot be realized, with the debt cloud of 2006 hanging over our heads.In that debt cloud is the vacation we enjoyed, the big-screen TV in our living room, and of course, the just completed holiday gift giving season. It all seemed harmless at the time. Just a small payment every month, and we can live like royalty today. We have been programmed to think this way. Yet when the credit card statements arrive over the next few months, many of us will find that we once again overused the plastic in our wallets.The abuse of our credit cards is easy to do, as credit is too easy to obtain. And just about every retail store accepts credit cards as payment, even fast-food restaurants and grocery stores. Unfortunately, using plastic cards to pay for our goods and services is like using plastic chips at a casino; we don’t feel as if we are actually spending money. So we tend to spend too much.As this debt cloud darkens, consumers can rejoice with the knowledge that there is a heaven above this cloud. A heaven that will allow people to legally walk away from credit card debt. A debt-free heaven. A place to start over. It’s called Debt Elimination.Given the fact that bankruptcy may no longer be an option, many people are now finding that debt elimination is the best option. They are also finding their credit scores are higher after completing this process. It is truly the alternative to bankruptcy, credit counseling, and debt consolidation. Best of all, we don’t have to refinance our house … again. The program is applicable to all major credit cards and unsecured signature loans.Jim Vrana of The True Debt Advisor http://www.TrueDebtAdvisor.com states, “People can really begin 2007 with a new financial outlook.” He adds, “When the debt burden becomes too overwhelming, the debt elimination program is giving people a fresh start on their financial lives. A ‘do-over’ you might call it. Without bankruptcy and without spending those annoying refinancing fees.”Many people are certainly skeptical about the existence of this debt relief heaven. But it does exist. The process that is used to eliminate debt is based off of U.S. Supreme Courts decisions, Title 15 United State Code

nd behavior, unable to delay gratification, rebellious and nonconforming, prone to push and stretch limits, self-indulgent, not ethically consistent, not having high aspirations, and prone to express hostile feelings directly.” (Shedler and Block, 1990)

Marijuana Effects

Self – Diagnosis

1. Does your periodic marijuana use and intoxication interfere with your performance at work or school?

2. Is your periodic marijuana use and intoxication physically hazardous in situations such as driving a car?

3. Do you or have you had legal problems as a consequence of arrests for marijuana possession?

4. Do you or have you had arguments with spouses or parents over the possession of marijuana in the home or its use in the presence of children?

If you are having psychological or physical problems associated with compulsively using marijuana, such as:

1. Craving;
2. Withdrawal symptoms;
3. Irritability;
4. Sleeplessness; and/ or
5. Anxiety

Multiple Addictions

Poor Prognosis

Diagnostic Delineation

Cure For The Common Cold? No, But Close
I haven't had a cold in 10 years. It's true. I don't even know what the word sniffle means. I think if my body ever did come down with a cold again it wouldn't even know how to deal with it. And no, I haven't found a cure for the common cold. What I've found is some common sense living that I'm going to pass along to you in this article. You may not go 10 years without a cold, but you will certainly feel a lot better than you do now.The actual common cold is caused by a variety of viruses. But the underlying cause of getting a cold is not the virus itself. The cause is allowing ourselves to get run down. Not enough sleep, improper diet and just an overall unhealthy lifestyle are the things that allow these viruses to invade our bodies and make us ill, sometimes violently so. If it sounds like I am saying that by simply getting enough rest and eating well would be enough to ward off a common cold, well, in a sense, yes, that's exactly what I am saying.The only reason that we even have symptoms when we come down with a cold is because this is our body's immune system fighting off whatever foreign invaders have happened to land on our doorstep. So in a sense, if you feel like hell, at least that means your body's immune system is working. But it doesn't have to come down to that. There is no reason to have to suffer from these terrible symptoms. No, dangerous drugs are not the answer. Healthy eating, vitamins and plenty of rest are the answers.There are a number of natural things you can do to get rid of your cold quickly once you get one. The most important is to take lots of vitamin C. You can safely take 5000 units a day because vitamin C is passed through the urine. Drinking lots of fluids is very important. When we become ill, our bodies have a tendency to dehydrate, so drinking fluids actually becomes critical.Herb teas are excellent for when you have a cold. Herbs have healing properties that will help get you back on your feet in no time. Drinking fresh fruit juices (not bottled or can) is also very good. Go get yourself an orange squeezer. It's well worth the investment.The most important thing though, and this is what most people just don't get, is that when you get a cold, you have to get plenty of rest. Many people drag themselves to work thinking that they can work through it. This is a big mistake and what causes most colds to become something much worse. Your job will still be there in the morning. You might not be if you don't take care of yourself.By following the above tips, there is no reason you can't fight off a cold without having to take harmful medications. I don't even take an aspirin anymore. So it can be done.To YOUR Health,Steve Wagner

were experiencing some effects of the drug at the time of the murder (Spunt et al., 1994).

Self – Diagnosis

1. Does your periodic marijuana use and intoxication interfere with your performance at work or school?

2. Is your periodic marijuana use and intoxication physically hazardous in situations such as driving a car?

3. Do you or have you had legal problems as a consequence of arrests for marijuana possession?

4. Do you or have you had arguments with spouses or parents over the possession of marijuana in the home or its use in the presence of children?

If you are having psychological or physical problems associated with compulsively using marijuana, such as:

1. Craving;
2. Withdrawal symptoms;
3. Irritability;
4. Sleeplessness; and/ or
5. Anxiety

Multiple Addictions

Poor Prognosis

Diagnostic Delineation

Used Office Furniture is a Great Way to Help Your Startup Survive
With how unexpectedly expensive it can be to start a new business, why make it more so by buying only new office furniture or equipment? Sure, the purchase of office equipment is a legitimate tax write-off, but you'll still need the income to write it off of, and that can be sporadic when just starting out. So, far better to keep your costs low by buying used office furniture rather than new. It's functional, can be just as attractive, and can save you a bundle over new furniture.If your office is located in your home home, used furniture can be an obviously better choice for many reasons. Bigger businesses look for matching furniture for several different people; but if you're only shopping for one office, the choices should be many. Take advantage of the opportunity to find high quality furniture at more reasonable prices.If you know where to look, it really does not have to be hard to find used office furniture that is still in very good condition. Don't just rely on office furniture dealerships as your source. You won't truly get the best price from those, because they will want to sell you new furniture instead, and they are the middleman (with a markup to go with it). To really get the most for your money, you should go to a company that specializes in used furniture or specifically has a used furniture division.At an actual used furniture store, you can find used chairs, desks, tables, workstations, file cabinets, and so much more. Start in the local area in which you live or work, as it's much better to actually see what you are going to buy before you hand over your money. The freight and/or delivery charges will be cheaper if it's local also. If you aren't sure quite where to shop, ask around for recommendations for a place that is known to sell used office furniture.If you don't want to even run around locally, you don't have to. Another way to find yourself some quality used office furniture is to fo some research on the internet. Don't be afraid to get in contact with several companies and see what they have to offer, and compare their prices and policies.One other consideration to keep in mind if you are looking for used workstations/cubicles, the delivery and installation charges will probably be the same as for new furniture. And, if you buy these items while they are already installed, you will probably also be charged for knockdown. Otherwise, buying used office furniture will be a cost savings over new. Before you go shopping, make a list of what you are looking for, with quantities. Bringing measurements with you will save a lot of time.Enjoy putting your new office together, and saving money in the process!

exists between cannabis abuse and/ or other substance abuse and behavioral addictions.

Poor Prognosis

Diagnostic Delineation

New Proposed Diagnosis

To assist in resolving the limited DSM-IV-TRs’ diagnostic capability, a multidimensional diagnosis of “Poly-behavioral Addiction,” is proposed for more accurate diagnosis leading to more effective treatment planning. This diagnosis encompasses the broadest category of addictive disorders that would include an individual manifesting a combination of substance abuse addictions, and other obsessively-compulsive behavioral addictive behavioral patterns to pathological gambling, religion, and/ or sex / pornography, etc.). Behavioral addictions are just as damaging - psychologically and socially as alcohol and drug abuse. They are comparative to other life-style diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease in their behavioral manifestations, their etiologies, and their resistance to treatments. They are progressive disorders that involve obsessive thinking and compulsive behaviors. They are also characterized by a preoccupation with a continuous or periodic loss of control, and continuous irrational behavior in spite of adverse consequences.

Poly-behavioral addiction would be described as a state of periodic or chronic physical, mental, emotional, cultural, sexual and/ or spiritual/ religious intoxication. These various types of intoxication are produced by repeated obsessive thoughts and compulsive practices involved in pathological relationships to any mood-altering substance, person, organization, belief system, and/ or activity. The individual has an overpowering desire, need or compulsion with the presence of a tendency to intensify their adherence to these practices, and evidence of phenomena of tolerance, abstinence and withdrawal, in which there is always physical and/ or psychic dependence on the effects of this pathological relationship. In addition, there is a 12 - month period in which an individual is pathologically involved with three or more behavioral and/ or substance use addictions simultaneously, but the criteria are not met for dependence for any one addiction in particular (Slobodzien, J., 2005). In essence, Poly-behavioral addiction is the synergistically integrated chronic dependence on multiple physiologically addictive substances and behaviors (e.g., using/ abusing substances - nicotine, alcohol, & drugs, and/or acting impulsively or obsessively compulsive in regards to gambling, food binging, sex, and/ or religion, etc.) simultaneously.

Multidimensional Treatment

Since chronic lifestyle diseases and disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, alcoholism, drug and behavioral addictions cannot be cured, but only managed - how should we effectively manage poly-behavioral addiction?

The Addiction Recovery Measurement System (ARMS) is proposed utilizing a multidimensional integrative assessment, treatment planning, treatment progress, and treatment outcome measurement tracking system that facilitates rapid and accurate recognition and evaluation of an individual’s comprehensive life-functioning progress dimensions. The ARMS hypothesis purports that there is a multidimensional synergistically negative resistance that individual’s develop to any one form of treatment to a single dimension of their lives, because the effects of an individual’s addiction have dynamically interacted multi-dimensionally. Having the primary focus on one dimension is insufficient. Traditionally, addiction treatment programs have failed to accommodate for the multidimensional synergistically negative effects of an individual having multiple addictions, (e.g. nicotine, alcohol, and obesity, etc.). Behavioral addictions interact negatively with each other and with strategies to improve overall functioning. They tend to encourage the use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, help increase violence, decrease functional capacity, and promote social isolation. Most treatment theories today involve assessing other dimensions to identify dual diagnosis or co-morbidity diagnoses, or to assess contributing factors that may play a role in the individual’s primary addiction. The ARMS’ theory proclaims that a multidimensional treatment plan must be devised addressing the possible multiple addictions identified for each one of an individual’s life dimensions in addition to developing specific goals and objectives for each dimension.

Conclusion

This article was not written with the intent to demonize or glorify the most widely used illicit and top US cash crop (U.S. growers produce nearly $35 billion worth of marijuana annually, making the illegal drug the country's largest cash crop, bigger than corn and wheat combined, an advocate of medical marijuana use said in a study released on 18 Dec. 06, WASHINGTON), “Reuters.” Nor was it written to advocate the use or non-use of marijuana whether legally for medicinal purposes or illegally. There are numerous articles readily available that already accomplish that mission. It is my hope though, that the 10 to 15 percent of individuals that have multiple complex problems involving marijuana usage will find the help that they need. Considering the wide range of addictive behaviors in our world today, one should always take into account an individual’s ethnic, cultural, religious, and social background prior to making any clinical judgments, and it would be wise to not over-pathologize in this area. However, since successful treatment outcomes are dependent on thorough assessments, accurate diagnoses, and comprehensive individualized treatment planning - Poly-behavioral Addiction needs to be identified to effectively treat the complexity of multiple behavioral and substance addictions.

For more info see:
Poly-Behavioral Addiction and the Addictions Recovery Measurement System (ARMS)
By James Slobodzien, Psy.D. CSAC
http://www.geocities.com/drslbdzn/Behavioral_Addictions.html

James Slobodzien, Psy.D. CSAC, is a Hawaii licensed psychologist and certified substance abuse counselor who earned his doctorate in Clinical Psychology. The National Registry of Health Service Providers in Psychology credentials Dr. Slobodzien. He has over 20-years of mental health experience primarily working in the fields of alcohol/ substance abuse and behavioral addictions in medical, correctional, and judicial settings. He is an adjunct professor of Psychology and also maintains a private practice as a mental health consultant.

Sources

National Institute on Drug Abuse, Marijuana Facts Parents Need to Know, September 2004, What is Marijuana, How is Marijuana Used? Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings, September 2006 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration, Initiation of Marijuana Use: Trends, Patterns and Implications, July 2002. National Institute on Drug Abuse and University of Michigan, Monitoring the Future 2005 Data From In-School Surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-Grade Students, December 2005 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2005, June 2006 National Institute on Drug Abuse and University of Michigan, Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2005, Volume II: College Students & Adults Ages 19–45 (PDF), 2006 Bureau of Justice Statistics, Drug Use and Dependence, State and Federal Prisoners, 2004, October 2006 National Institute on Drug Abuse, InfoFacts: Marijuana, April 2006 National Institute on Drug Abuse, Research Report Series—Marijuana Abuse, October 2001. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2004: National Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits, April 2006 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Mortality Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2001 (PDF), January 2003. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) Highlights—2004 (PDF), February 2006 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, 2005, September 2006 National Drug Intelligence Center, National Drug Threat Assessment 2007, October 2006 Bureau of Justice Statistics, Drug Use and Dependence, State and Federal Prisoners, 2004, October 2006 United States Sentencing Commission, 2005 Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics, June 2006 National Drug Intelligence Center, National Drug Threat Assessment 2007

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