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    Forex Trading - Non-Farm Payroll Trading (Are You Insane?)
    I understand the allure of trading these wild news events. I used to dream of it myself. It sounds like easy money. Just trade for short periods of time. Make a great return on your investment. It sounds so good!Then the reality of the issue settles in. Most brokers widen the spread during these times. For example, I know one broker who widened the spread to around 200 pips. Often times it's increased to 50 pips. The "guaranteed" 2 pips spread doesn't exist during times of high volatility.With spreads like that you're guaranteed to lose. You simply can't trade with a spread like that, and the brokers know it. That's why they have the spread set up like that.But just for the sake of argument, let's say you found a broker who would let you trade with a regular sized spread during the non-farm payroll release time.The most common way to trade the news is to straddle it. In other words you place a buy and a sell in the market. Whichever way the market goes first, it will touch that order first. Then the other order is removed from the market, and you work to make profit on your open order.Well, the market will often whiplash. You may think you guessed wrong and exit the trade at a loss. Then the market will turn and go in the direction you were trading. Or, you'll hang on (thinking that the market is just faking), but it's not. And you'll end up with a huge loss.In truth, news trading is just like playing craps. It's gambling.
    ning, consensus decision making, and neutral worker-employee loyalty.

    Ouchi concludes that Japanese managers got more out of their employees than U.S. managers because the whole structure of Japanese society encourages mutual trust and cooperation. This management philosophy is based on the following assumptions:

    1. Long term, even life time, employment is expected by both managers and employees.

    2. Employees need freedom and opportunity to "grow."

    3. Decisions should be group decisions involving workers and managers.

    4. Subordinates are whole people at work (in contrast to being thought of as titles or units of production).

    5. Management has a broad concern for subordinate welfare.

    6. Open communication, both vertically and horizontally, is the norm.

    7. There is complete trust among groups and individuals because they all have the same goals - the good of the organization.

    8. Cooperation, not competition, is the basis for relationships within the company.

    We have been conducting business in Japan since 1976 and have personally seen Theory Z in action. For example, when we sold our "PRIDE" Methodologies in Japan, we would have to make several sales presentations to a single company in order for all of the affected parties to reach a consensus as to whether this was the correct course of action for the co

    What Are the Best Franchise Business Opportunities?
    There are many would-be entrepreneurs who never start their own business because of the risks involved. With any business start-up there is a risk of failure; choosing a well designed franchise business greatly reduces that risk. The best franchise business opportunities are those with a proven track record of helping novice entrepreneurs start and stabilize an exact copy of an already proven business plan. After all, if you already knew what you were doing, you wouldn't need a franchise. If you already knew what you were doing, you would probably be starting your own franchise business - - and selling franchises to others.Some franchising experts say that the best way to judge the quality of a franchise business opportunity is through the size of the franchise fee. Not in the simplistic sense of "a good one costs more", or in another simplistic sense of "the cheaper the better". Ignoring for the moment that the word "franchise" comes from the French word for "free", they say that the franchising fee gives you a look into the motives of the franchisor. Are they trying to make a quick buck by selling thousands of expensive franchises? Or have they set a medium and reasonable price for their franchise that just covers their costs and discourages those who are insufficiently motivated to make the franchise work?With the best franchise business opportunities you find a franchisor who thinks of his franchisees in much the same way he would think of an affiliate. In fact, a good franchise business and a good affiliate business have a lot in common. The good franchisor realizes that the better his franchisees do, the more money he'll make. He is constantly looking for ways t
    "Management is more of a benevolent dictatorship as opposed to a democracy." - Bryce's Law

    I evidently hit a nerve in a few of my recent bulletins, specifically:

    #46 - The Death of Management - October 17, 2005 http://www.phmainstreet.com/mba/ss051017.pdf

    #47 - Parenting Management - October 24, 2005 http://www.phmainstreet.com/mba/ss051024.pdf

    #48 - The First Thing We Do, Let's Kill all the Bean Counters - October 31, 2005 http://www.phmainstreet.com/mba/ss051031.pdf

    I want to thank those of you who inundated my e-mail queue and responded to my blog with your comments and observations regarding these articles. From your remarks, it sounds like there is little management being applied in the area of Information Technology or in the corporate world in general. I jokingly refer to the absence of management in the workplace as Theory Zero (0), but perhaps it is time to revisit the three accepted theories of management and see what is actually being used.

    THE THREE THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT

    Before we begin, let us not forget that all of our actions are based on human perceptions, whether they be real of fallacious. Consequently, the three theories of management are based on perceptions, e.g., how we perceive the character of our workers. If we believe people will act or react to certain situations in a specific way, we will use this in our management philosophy, be it brute force, carrot-and-stick, or permitting freewill. From this basis, let's consider how the three theories apply:

    THEORY X ("Dictatorial Management") - This is derived from "Scientific Management," a concept best illustrated by the time-and-motion studies of a late nineteenth century industrial engineer named Frederick W. Taylor. Taylor observed the workers under his supervision at the Midvale Steel Company in Philadelphia brought their own shovels to work regardless of what size coal lumps they would have to shovel. He suggested to management that the company furnish shovels corresponding to the size and weight of the individual load, thus increasing the total amount of coal each worker could shovel in a day. Efficiency and production, the Theory X cornerstone, led to the assembly line and industrial production.

    The philosophy of Theory X management style is based on the view of human nature as:

    1. People have a natural aversion to work.

    2. People need to be coerced, controlled, and threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort toward the achievement of company goals.

    3. The average person prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has little ambition, and wants security most.

    Theorists now ask how much of this behavior described is inherent human nature and how much is behavior learned from bosses who manage with those assumptions. Perhaps the assumptions become self-validating: workers who are always treated by an authoritarian management as though they were lazy, tend to behave that way.

    THEORY Y ("Participatory Management") - Most observers agree that the Theory Y management philosophy was derived from a series of experiments in the 1930's at the Western Electronic Hawthorne Works in Chicago. Employees had been divided into two groups: a "test" group that worked under changing lighting conditions and a "control" group that worked under constant lighting. When the test group's light conditions improved, their productivity increased, as expected. But what mystified researchers was a similar jump in productivity when illumination worsened. To compound the mystery, the control group's output rose when the test group's did. It was concluded that both groups felt management was giving them special attention and so responded with improved performance. This discovery of human relations management was called Theory Y.

    Theory Y's assumptions represent a much more positive assessment of human behavior and gave rise to the thousands of mentoring and management training programs in the 1960's and 70's, the purposes of which were to help managers change their assumptions of human nature from a Theory X to a Theory Y outlook. The basic premises of Theory Y include:

    1. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest.

    2. External control and threat of punishment are not the only means for bringing about effort toward corporate goals. People will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve goals they find important.

    3. Commitment to objectives is in proportion to the rewards associated with their achievement.

    4. The average human being learns under proper conditions not only to accept but to seek responsibility.

    5. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity, and creativity in solving work problems is widely, not narrowly, present in the population.

    6. Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the brain power of the average human is only partially utilized.

    THEORY Z ("Group Involvement") - Theory Z was introduced in 1981 by UCLA Professor Dr. William Ouchi in his book of the same name. It is based on Ouchi's observations of Japanese management practices of the time. Basically, Theory Z promotes employee participation in decision-making, thereby increasing their motivation and productivity. This management style emphasizes long range planning, consensus decision making, and neutral worker-employee loyalty.

    Ouchi concludes that Japanese managers got more out of their employees than U.S. managers because the whole structure of Japanese society encourages mutual trust and cooperation. This management philosophy is based on the following assumptions:

    1. Long term, even life time, employment is expected by both managers and employees.

    2. Employees need freedom and opportunity to "grow."

    3. Decisions should be group decisions involving workers and managers.

    4. Subordinates are whole people at work (in contrast to being thought of as titles or units of production).

    5. Management has a broad concern for subordinate welfare.

    6. Open communication, both vertically and horizontally, is the norm.

    7. There is complete trust among groups and individuals because they all have the same goals - the good of the organization.

    8. Cooperation, not competition, is the basis for relationships within the company.

    We have been conducting business in Japan since 1976 and have personally seen Theory Z in action. For example, when we sold our "PRIDE" Methodologies in Japan, we would have to make several sales presentations to a single company in order for all of the affected parties to reach a consensus as to whether this was the correct course of action for the com

    Remodeling Your Offices? Avoid The Mess By Renting Commercial Office Space
    How long will your office space be filled with noise, dust, confusion and distractions? No matter how long it is too long.You can escape all the remodeling hassles by renting commercial office space for a week, month or however long you need it. And often the expense is more than justified by keeping your business productivity high.Commercial office space doesn’t refer to retail facilities. It is a concept originally developed to answer the need for temporary office space. It makes moving from a remodeling war zone simple and easy. Here are just a few of the reasons why commercial office space is a convenient way to escape remodeling distractions. There is no long-term lease involved. The day the remodeling starts you move out. When it is done, you move back. You don’t have to take along any business equipment or office furniture. Most commercial office space provides everything you need. Commercial office space is almost always centrally located in a city, conveniently close to your own offices. New building being constructed next door to your office space? Here again, the concept of commercial office space can be your answer to the jack-hammers, roar of heavy equipment and all the other noise that makes concentration and telephone calls almost impossible. A commercial office space can have you working in peace within a few hours.Remember, the only thing you have to take with you are your personal files and your computer. Everything else will be available at your temporary office space.Don’t be a victim of remodeling hassles or construction noise. A comme
    n a specific way, we will use this in our management philosophy, be it brute force, carrot-and-stick, or permitting freewill. From this basis, let's consider how the three theories apply:

    THEORY X ("Dictatorial Management") - This is derived from "Scientific Management," a concept best illustrated by the time-and-motion studies of a late nineteenth century industrial engineer named Frederick W. Taylor. Taylor observed the workers under his supervision at the Midvale Steel Company in Philadelphia brought their own shovels to work regardless of what size coal lumps they would have to shovel. He suggested to management that the company furnish shovels corresponding to the size and weight of the individual load, thus increasing the total amount of coal each worker could shovel in a day. Efficiency and production, the Theory X cornerstone, led to the assembly line and industrial production.

    The philosophy of Theory X management style is based on the view of human nature as:

    1. People have a natural aversion to work.

    2. People need to be coerced, controlled, and threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort toward the achievement of company goals.

    3. The average person prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has little ambition, and wants security most.

    Theorists now ask how much of this behavior described is inherent human nature and how much is behavior learned from bosses who manage with those assumptions. Perhaps the assumptions become self-validating: workers who are always treated by an authoritarian management as though they were lazy, tend to behave that way.

    THEORY Y ("Participatory Management") - Most observers agree that the Theory Y management philosophy was derived from a series of experiments in the 1930's at the Western Electronic Hawthorne Works in Chicago. Employees had been divided into two groups: a "test" group that worked under changing lighting conditions and a "control" group that worked under constant lighting. When the test group's light conditions improved, their productivity increased, as expected. But what mystified researchers was a similar jump in productivity when illumination worsened. To compound the mystery, the control group's output rose when the test group's did. It was concluded that both groups felt management was giving them special attention and so responded with improved performance. This discovery of human relations management was called Theory Y.

    Theory Y's assumptions represent a much more positive assessment of human behavior and gave rise to the thousands of mentoring and management training programs in the 1960's and 70's, the purposes of which were to help managers change their assumptions of human nature from a Theory X to a Theory Y outlook. The basic premises of Theory Y include:

    1. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest.

    2. External control and threat of punishment are not the only means for bringing about effort toward corporate goals. People will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve goals they find important.

    3. Commitment to objectives is in proportion to the rewards associated with their achievement.

    4. The average human being learns under proper conditions not only to accept but to seek responsibility.

    5. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity, and creativity in solving work problems is widely, not narrowly, present in the population.

    6. Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the brain power of the average human is only partially utilized.

    THEORY Z ("Group Involvement") - Theory Z was introduced in 1981 by UCLA Professor Dr. William Ouchi in his book of the same name. It is based on Ouchi's observations of Japanese management practices of the time. Basically, Theory Z promotes employee participation in decision-making, thereby increasing their motivation and productivity. This management style emphasizes long range planning, consensus decision making, and neutral worker-employee loyalty.

    Ouchi concludes that Japanese managers got more out of their employees than U.S. managers because the whole structure of Japanese society encourages mutual trust and cooperation. This management philosophy is based on the following assumptions:

    1. Long term, even life time, employment is expected by both managers and employees.

    2. Employees need freedom and opportunity to "grow."

    3. Decisions should be group decisions involving workers and managers.

    4. Subordinates are whole people at work (in contrast to being thought of as titles or units of production).

    5. Management has a broad concern for subordinate welfare.

    6. Open communication, both vertically and horizontally, is the norm.

    7. There is complete trust among groups and individuals because they all have the same goals - the good of the organization.

    8. Cooperation, not competition, is the basis for relationships within the company.

    We have been conducting business in Japan since 1976 and have personally seen Theory Z in action. For example, when we sold our "PRIDE" Methodologies in Japan, we would have to make several sales presentations to a single company in order for all of the affected parties to reach a consensus as to whether this was the correct course of action for the co

    Delaware Corporations Code
    The Delaware Corporations Code is the set of laws that pertain to corporations and business entities registered in the state of Delaware. The important sections of the code are the ones on corporations, commerce and trade, counties, courts and judicial processes, decedents’ estates and fiduciary relations, state government, and state taxes.The corporations section primarily handles issues related to general corporation law, corporation franchise tax, and professional service corporations. The commerce and trade section touches upon the various forms of business incorporation. It gives information on laws pertaining to partnerships, limited partnerships, and liability limited forms of business entities. This section also details the laws regarding secured transactions and uniform commercial code filings, apart from explaining the Delaware Uniform Corporate Nonprofit Association Act.The counties section gives information that business entities need to know on zoning and other aspects of local and state administration. The courts and judicial processes are an important section that contains three major sub-sections – Chancery Court, service of process, and uniform arbitration act. The decedents’ estates and fiduciary relations sections essentially mentions the treatment of statutory trusts, apart from other related matters.The state government section is divided into the two important offices of the Secretary of State and Department of State. The details here inform of the powers and rights of the respective offices. The last section of state taxes, which also contains a sub-section on corporate income tax, is the one of most interest to businesses. This section e
    f this behavior described is inherent human nature and how much is behavior learned from bosses who manage with those assumptions. Perhaps the assumptions become self-validating: workers who are always treated by an authoritarian management as though they were lazy, tend to behave that way.

    THEORY Y ("Participatory Management") - Most observers agree that the Theory Y management philosophy was derived from a series of experiments in the 1930's at the Western Electronic Hawthorne Works in Chicago. Employees had been divided into two groups: a "test" group that worked under changing lighting conditions and a "control" group that worked under constant lighting. When the test group's light conditions improved, their productivity increased, as expected. But what mystified researchers was a similar jump in productivity when illumination worsened. To compound the mystery, the control group's output rose when the test group's did. It was concluded that both groups felt management was giving them special attention and so responded with improved performance. This discovery of human relations management was called Theory Y.

    Theory Y's assumptions represent a much more positive assessment of human behavior and gave rise to the thousands of mentoring and management training programs in the 1960's and 70's, the purposes of which were to help managers change their assumptions of human nature from a Theory X to a Theory Y outlook. The basic premises of Theory Y include:

    1. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest.

    2. External control and threat of punishment are not the only means for bringing about effort toward corporate goals. People will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve goals they find important.

    3. Commitment to objectives is in proportion to the rewards associated with their achievement.

    4. The average human being learns under proper conditions not only to accept but to seek responsibility.

    5. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity, and creativity in solving work problems is widely, not narrowly, present in the population.

    6. Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the brain power of the average human is only partially utilized.

    THEORY Z ("Group Involvement") - Theory Z was introduced in 1981 by UCLA Professor Dr. William Ouchi in his book of the same name. It is based on Ouchi's observations of Japanese management practices of the time. Basically, Theory Z promotes employee participation in decision-making, thereby increasing their motivation and productivity. This management style emphasizes long range planning, consensus decision making, and neutral worker-employee loyalty.

    Ouchi concludes that Japanese managers got more out of their employees than U.S. managers because the whole structure of Japanese society encourages mutual trust and cooperation. This management philosophy is based on the following assumptions:

    1. Long term, even life time, employment is expected by both managers and employees.

    2. Employees need freedom and opportunity to "grow."

    3. Decisions should be group decisions involving workers and managers.

    4. Subordinates are whole people at work (in contrast to being thought of as titles or units of production).

    5. Management has a broad concern for subordinate welfare.

    6. Open communication, both vertically and horizontally, is the norm.

    7. There is complete trust among groups and individuals because they all have the same goals - the good of the organization.

    8. Cooperation, not competition, is the basis for relationships within the company.

    We have been conducting business in Japan since 1976 and have personally seen Theory Z in action. For example, when we sold our "PRIDE" Methodologies in Japan, we would have to make several sales presentations to a single company in order for all of the affected parties to reach a consensus as to whether this was the correct course of action for the co

    Quick Tips For Successful Branding
    Points You Want To Remember When Branding Your BusinessIt’s easy to get lost in the business shuffle these days. There are hundreds of companies that produce similar products or provide parallel services, but how do you make yours distinct? There are a lot of ways and only one highly important characteristic to a successful business. It is branding. Below are key points to follow when brainstorming your brand.Identify With Your BuyerEveryone is not your buyer. There may be a mass amount of people that purchase your product, but that’s not everyone. Dig deep and research your audience. Find the answers to these questions: What are their spending habits? Values? Concerns? Needs? How does your product/service fit into their life?By answering these direct questions you will begin to win over your key customer. The closer the focus the more connected the buyer will feel with your brand. You want them to think that you designed the brand specifically for them.It is important when communicating that you exchange information about the product in the same way your buyer talks. For example: if they are high class, intelligent and money filled speak to them with sophistication and parallel their first-class style. Or for the free-spirited young adults don’t confuse them with big words, or Robert Frost like metaphors; simply connect with your audience on their level.Use Your BrandEmployees, community members, friends, and clients must know the personality of your business. Whether you in the top 10 best places to work or a small town business everyone involved needs to be familiar with and execu
    0's, the purposes of which were to help managers change their assumptions of human nature from a Theory X to a Theory Y outlook. The basic premises of Theory Y include:

    1. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest.

    2. External control and threat of punishment are not the only means for bringing about effort toward corporate goals. People will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve goals they find important.

    3. Commitment to objectives is in proportion to the rewards associated with their achievement.

    4. The average human being learns under proper conditions not only to accept but to seek responsibility.

    5. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity, and creativity in solving work problems is widely, not narrowly, present in the population.

    6. Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the brain power of the average human is only partially utilized.

    THEORY Z ("Group Involvement") - Theory Z was introduced in 1981 by UCLA Professor Dr. William Ouchi in his book of the same name. It is based on Ouchi's observations of Japanese management practices of the time. Basically, Theory Z promotes employee participation in decision-making, thereby increasing their motivation and productivity. This management style emphasizes long range planning, consensus decision making, and neutral worker-employee loyalty.

    Ouchi concludes that Japanese managers got more out of their employees than U.S. managers because the whole structure of Japanese society encourages mutual trust and cooperation. This management philosophy is based on the following assumptions:

    1. Long term, even life time, employment is expected by both managers and employees.

    2. Employees need freedom and opportunity to "grow."

    3. Decisions should be group decisions involving workers and managers.

    4. Subordinates are whole people at work (in contrast to being thought of as titles or units of production).

    5. Management has a broad concern for subordinate welfare.

    6. Open communication, both vertically and horizontally, is the norm.

    7. There is complete trust among groups and individuals because they all have the same goals - the good of the organization.

    8. Cooperation, not competition, is the basis for relationships within the company.

    We have been conducting business in Japan since 1976 and have personally seen Theory Z in action. For example, when we sold our "PRIDE" Methodologies in Japan, we would have to make several sales presentations to a single company in order for all of the affected parties to reach a consensus as to whether this was the correct course of action for the co

    Jobs - Tips for Applying for a Job
    Applying for a JobThere are four general methods of applying for a job including:(1) mailing your resume,(2) emailing your resume,(3) faxing your resume, and(4) hand delivering your resume.Mailing Your ResumeSome companies prefer that you mail your resume. For this type of approach, it is best to include a cover letter with your resume. The cover letter is a basic letter that describes the position that you are interested in and a few details of your qualifications and skills. It is basically your lead in to your resume. Before writing your cover letter, you should know whom the letter is to be addressed to. You never want to begin a cover letter with “Dear Sir or Madame” or “To whom it may Concern.” It shows that you have not prepared, and that you are not looking for a specific position with their company, but any job that you can get your hands on. Basically, it is disrespectful to your prospective employer.Emailing Your ResumeEmailing resumes is becoming a commonplace way for recruiters to get resumes. Attach your resume as a word document or a PDF file. These are the most common formats and what most companies will accept. The subject line should read like this: Smith, John (Accounting Position). This makes it easy for the recruiter to know who the email is from, and what it pertains to. It also assures that your email will be read. Sometimes there are specific methods for addressing an emailed resume. Some companies have certain subject line requirements (so follow them!). If the company wants you to paste your resume, don’t send attachments because your email will be deleted right away.ning, consensus decision making, and neutral worker-employee loyalty.

    Ouchi concludes that Japanese managers got more out of their employees than U.S. managers because the whole structure of Japanese society encourages mutual trust and cooperation. This management philosophy is based on the following assumptions:

    1. Long term, even life time, employment is expected by both managers and employees.

    2. Employees need freedom and opportunity to "grow."

    3. Decisions should be group decisions involving workers and managers.

    4. Subordinates are whole people at work (in contrast to being thought of as titles or units of production).

    5. Management has a broad concern for subordinate welfare.

    6. Open communication, both vertically and horizontally, is the norm.

    7. There is complete trust among groups and individuals because they all have the same goals - the good of the organization.

    8. Cooperation, not competition, is the basis for relationships within the company.

    We have been conducting business in Japan since 1976 and have personally seen Theory Z in action. For example, when we sold our "PRIDE" Methodologies in Japan, we would have to make several sales presentations to a single company in order for all of the affected parties to reach a consensus as to whether this was the correct course of action for the company to pursue. After several months of deliberations, we would finally get a contract. Contrast this to American companies where we would make a single sales presentation to top management and close on the sale within a few days or weeks. However, to the credit of the Japanese, because everyone approved of the purchase, they all made an effort to successfully install and use it; if they failed, they would "lose face." Western managers, on the other hand, would shove the product down people's throats (a la Theory X), thereby the methodologies were viewed as the will of a single person and not the company overall. Consequently, when the manager left the company, "PRIDE" followed shortly behind.

    WHICH IS BETTER?

    Most managers favor Theory X, others Theory Y. A few are likely to become Theory Z managers. Most, however, use some combination of the three. There is no "right" style of management because the appropriate style depends on the kind of people you employ and the kind of business you run.

    But what is the current trend? During the second half of the 20th century there was a definite movement from Theory X to Theory Y. But now it appears the pendulum is swinging back to Theory X. As mentioned in my "Bean counter" article, mentoring and employee training programs (a cornerstone of Theory Y) is being phased out as a means of cutting costs. Further, under the "Parenting Management" scenario, younger employees need considerably more supervision and direction, which lends itself to a Theory X philosophy.

    Even Theory Z in Japan is showing signs of erosion. Although the Japanese economy ran well in the 1980's, it has slowed considerably over the last fifteen years, causing the Japanese to rethink how they compete and conduct business in a fast-paced world economy. Japanese managers realize they no longer have the luxury of waiting months to make a group decision and although they still wish to be loyal to the workforce, they realize certain sacrifices are inevitable. Further, thanks to Hollywood and the Internet, younger Japanese workers no longer share the same values as their predecessors. Frankly, they have picked up a lot of bad work habits from their Western counterparts. Concepts such as lifetime employment, corporate loyalty, and hard work is slowly evaporating from the Japanese business culture.

    BACK TO PERCEPTIONS

    How we elect to manage others or how we elect to be managed is based on our perceptions. For example, if we believe a person to be lazy, we will apply a Theory X style of management. But if we believe people are responsible, take initiative, and are successful, then Theories Y and Z are used.

    As I mentioned in "Parenting Management," a generation gap has emerged between management and the latest generation of workers. Management perceives today's young workers as immature, disorganized, undisciplined, and shirk responsibility. Whether this is true or not is immaterial. It is perceptions that count. Because of this, it should come as no small wonder that Theory X management practices are on the rise again.

    For those younger workers who are as frustrated with management as management is with you, the only advice I can offer is that you make a concerted effort to improve your interpersonal relations/communications skills. If you have garnered anything from this article, it is that appearances are extremely important. Your physical appearance, forms of speech and conduct all play a significant role in how you are perceived by management. Are you someone who is bright but doesn't know how to apply your skills, or do you have a proven track record for performance? In other words, it is time to grow up. As President Calvin Coolidge observed years ago:

    "Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence. Talent will not; nothing is more common than unsuccessful men with talent. Genius will not; unrewarded genius is almost a proverb. Education will not; the world is full of educated derelicts. Persistence and determination alone are omnipotent. The slogan 'Press On' has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race."

    CONCLUSION

    Management is more of a benevolent dictatorship as opposed to a democracy. It operates according to its own whims. If management wants to be tyrannical, it will. If it wants to allow group participation, it will. And if it elects to do nothing, it will. But understand this, management's style is based on what the manager believes is good for the company and how they perceive their workers. Sometimes the actions of management will seem strange and without justification. But there may be some very rational reasons for acting as such, perhaps for strategic or tactical purposes. There is little the worker can do in this regards aside from mutiny, which is rarely the proper decision. To overcome this problem, it behooves management to promote loyalty and faith in judgment.

    Management is about human relations, not numbers. If a manager stands by a worker in the face of adversity, in all likelihood he will be building a good employee for the company's future. In return, the employee should pledge allegiance to the manager. Years ago, I remember Les Matthies, the legendary "Dean of Systems," taught me that a man should always be loyal to his manager while he is in his employment. If the worker doesn't like the manager, he should either curb his tongue or get out. Only afte

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