s current lack of an established command and control regime makes it an urgent case Pakistan is not unique among nuclear powers in its lack of permissive action link technology. Both China and India also lack PALS. Pakistan does, however, pose a unique risk of loss of control over its nuclear arsenal. While any country that possesses nuclear weapons would gain security benefits from installing the technology, Pakistan’s current lack of an established command and control regime makes it an urgent case fchnology. Both China and India also lack PALS. Pakistan does, however, pose a unique risk of loss of control over its nuclear arsenal. While any country that possesses nuclear weapons would gain security benefits from installing the technology, Pakistan’s current lack of an established command and control regime makes it an urgent case risk of loss of control over its nuclear arsenal. While any country that possesses nuclear weapons would gain security benefits from installing the technology, Pakistan’s current lack of an established command and control regime makes it an urgent case uclear weapons would gain security benefits from installing the technology, Pakistan’s current lack of an established command and control regime makes it an urgent case s current lack of an established command and control regime makes it an urgent case for a U.S. transfer of technology.

Pakistan faces several challenges in creating an effective command and control system for its nuclear weapons. It has basic geographic problems that interfere with efforts to control its nuclear weapons in an emergency. It is a relatively narrow country, with few locations that weapons can be hidd